Quality & QC
How research-peptide quality is tested and documented: certificates of analysis, HPLC purity, mass-spectrometry identity, endotoxin testing and supplier vetting.
Articles
How to vet a research-peptide supplier: what independent testing can and cannot show
A checklist for laboratories evaluating a research-peptide supplier, what a third-party test report proves and leaves open, and the red flags that published product analyses point to.
HPLC vs mass spectrometry: what peptide purity and identity tests show
How reversed-phase HPLC and mass spectrometry test a synthetic peptide, what purity by peak area means, and how to read a chromatogram and a mass spectrum.
How to read a peptide Certificate of Analysis (COA)
What each section of a research-peptide Certificate of Analysis means, from mass-spectrometry identity and HPLC purity to peptide content, counter-ions, water and endotoxin.